"Stem change patterns", "end with <strong>*cer</strong> preceded by a vowel ( conocer )<br /> end with <strong>*ucir</strong> ( conducir )<br /> end with <strong>*cer</strong> or <strong>*cir</strong> preceded by a consonant ( convencer )<br /> end with <strong>*ger</strong> or <strong>*gir</strong> ( coger, fingir )<br /> end with <strong>*aer</strong> ( caer )<br /> end with <strong>*guir</strong> ( seguir )<br /> end with <strong>*uir</strong> not preceded by a <strong>g</strong> ( incluir )" "<strong>*cer</strong> after a vowel and <strong>*ucir</strong><br /> <br /> _____ ( conocer )<br /> _____ ( nacer )<br /> _____ ( conducir )<br /> _____ ( producir )", "Irregular in the <strong>yo</strong> form only<br /> Formula: <strong>z</strong> added before <strong>c</strong><br /> <br /> conozco<br /> nazco<br /> conduzco<br /> produzco" "<strong>*cer</strong> after a consonant<br /> <strong>*cir</strong> after a consonant<br /> <br /> _____ ( convencer )<br /> _____ ( ejercer )<br /> _____ ( esparcir )", "Irregular in the <strong>yo</strong> form only<br /> Formula: <strong>z</strong> replaces <strong>c</strong><br /> <br /> convenzo<br /> ejerzo<br /> esparzo" "<strong>*ger</strong> or <strong>*gir</strong><br /> <br /> _____ ( coger )<br /> _____ ( recoger )<br /> _____ ( exigir )<br /> _____ ( fingir )", "Irregular in the <strong>yo</strong> form only<br /> Formula: <strong>j</strong> replaces <strong>g</strong><br /> <br /> cojo<br /> recojo<br /> exijo<br /> finjo" "<strong>*aer</strong><br /> <br /> _____ ( atraer )<br /> _____ ( caer )<br /> _____ ( traer )", "Irregular in the <strong>yo</strong> form only<br /> Formula: <strong>ig</strong> added to <strong>a</strong><br /> <br /> atraigo<br /> caigo<br /> traigo" "<strong>*guir</strong><br /> <br /> _____ ( distinguir )<br /> _____ ( erguir )<br /> _____ ( seguir )", "Irregular in the <strong>yo</strong> form only<br /> Formula: <strong>u</strong> removed<br /> <br /> distingo<br /> irgo<br /> sigo<br /> <br /> erguir is tricky, because it changes <strong>e</strong> to <strong>i</strong>, and also that <strong>i</strong> applies to the boot" "<strong>*uir</strong> except <strong>*guir</strong><br /> <br /> yo _____ ( concluir )<br /> yo _____ ( destruir )<br /> yo _____ ( incluir )", "This pattern affects the whole boot<br /> Formula: <strong>y</strong> added to stem<br /> <br /> concluyo<br /> destruyo<br /> incluyo"
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