the turning of a body on its axis (Earth is 24 hrs)
Rotation
The movement of a body around a point outside of the body (Earth is 365 days)
Revolution
the path the sun takes across the sky
Ecliptic
12 hrs daylight, 12 hrs night, celestial equator tilted below the ecliptic 23.5 degrees
Vernal Equinox
longest daylight hours
Summer Solstice
not vernal
Autumnal Equinox
shortest daylight hours, celestial equator tilted above the ecliptic
Winter Solstice
when the celestial equator crosses the ecliptic
Equinox
the closest point the earth is to the sun
Perihelion, January 4th
the farthest point the earth is from the sun
Aphelion, July 4th
any planet visible in the evening
Evening Star
any planet visible before sunrise
Morning Star
planets
produce no light, reflect light from the sun, move in NEARLY circular orbits, located very close to the ecliptic, move from east to west to the counterclockwise rotation of the earth
first half of the moon phases
Waxing
second half of the moon phases
Waning
starts the set of moon phases
New Moon
the time it takes the moon to return to the same position in the stars
Sidereal Period
29.5 days
the lunar cycle, also called a synodic period
27.3 days
the time it takes the moon to move around the earth (eastward)
when the moon moves through the shadow of the earth
Lunar Eclipse
region of total shadow on the moon
Umbra
region of partial shadow on the moon
Penumbra
when the moon crosses between the earth and the sun
Solar Eclipse
gravitational forces of the sun and moon create _____on the planet
Tides
low amplitude tides that occur in first and third quarter when the sun and moon are at right angles from each other
Neap Tides
high amplitude tides when the sun and moon are on the same plane
Spring Tides
April, 2024
The Next Eclipse