DERRAME PLEURAL

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Natalia Monroy Villalobos's picture

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Etiologías

Infecciones, falla cardiaca. Tumores

MECANISMOS

• Aumento de la presión hidrostática
• Inflamación de la pleura
• Alteración de la presión negativa
• Lesión del retorno linfática o por obstrucción de un tumor

Máximo cc de toracocentesis

1500 cc

Grosor necesario para hacer toraco

1 cm

ITX toraco

derrame pleural asimétrico o unilateral, fiebre, no explicable

RX ml para observar derrame pleural

Lateral: 50 ml, PA: 250 cc, borramiento de hemidiafragma >500 cc

CRITERIOS DE LIGH PARA TRASUDADO

<0.6 DHL
≤2/· DHL SÉRICO
<0.5 PROTEINAS
COLESTEROL <43
GASA >1.2

CRITERIOS DE LIGHT PARA EXUDADO

DHL >0.6
DHL >2/3
PROTEINAS >0.4
COLESTEROL >43
GASA <1.2

CAUSAS MÁS COMUNES DE TRASUDADO

falla cardiaca, cirrosis, falla renal, sx nefótico, hipoalbuminemia

CAUSAS MÁS COMUNES DE EXUDADO

Tb, cáncer, Lúpus, derrame paraneumónico, AR

Dx de quilotorax

>110 TAG, o >50 TAG + quilomicrones

DERRAME PARANEUMÓNICO

pH >7.2
glucosa >40
DHL <3 veces el valor normal

pH y glucosa de exudado

<7.2, glucosa <40